Downy Vs Hairy Woodpecker: 5 Easy Ways to Tell Them Apart (2024)

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You’re probably wondering how to tell these woodpeckers apart. Size is a good place to start. The Downy Woodpecker is tiny, while the hairy woodpecker is big. A Downy is around the same size as a Tufted Titmouse, and a Hairy is almost as large as a Robin. If they’re side by side, you’ll easily notice the size difference.

Beak size is another giveaway. A Downy’s beak is small and delicate, while a Hairy’s is large and dagger-like.

There are more differences to uncover, so stick around to learn more.

Identifying Woodpeckers

Telling the difference between the Downy and Hairy Woodpecker can be a challenge, but with a few simple tips, you’ll be an expert in no time. You’ve spotted a woodpecker, but which one?

Bill Size Difference

When it comes to telling Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers apart, bill size is a key difference. Here’s how you can spot the difference based on their beaks:

1. Downy Woodpeckers: Imagine a dainty silver teaspoon. That’s about the size of their bill, roughly one-third the length of their head.
2. Hairy Woodpeckers: Picture a sturdier silver tablespoon. Their bill is larger and almost as long as their entire head.
3. Visual Trick: If you imagine turning their bill around, pointing it towards the back of their head, the bill of a Hairy Woodpecker would extend beyond the length of its head, while the Downy’s bill would not.
4. Foraging and Diet: The larger bill of the Hairy Woodpecker allows it to forage for insects in larger trees and wood, whereas the Downy Woodpecker can access insects in the stems of larger weeds due to its smaller size.

Overall Size Comparison

The overall size difference between Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers is quite noticeable.

Downy Woodpeckers are roughly the same size as a House Sparrow, measuring about six inches from head to tail.

On the other hand, Hairy Woodpeckers are similar in size to a Robin and can be almost 50% taller, reaching nearly nine inches in length.

So, if you see a woodpecker that’s about the size of your hand, it’s likely a Downy.

But if it’s noticeably larger, you’re probably looking at a Hairy Woodpecker.

Tail Feather Patterns

When it comes to tail feather patterns, there’s a subtle difference between Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers. Hairy Woodpeckers sport all-white outer tail feathers, while Downy Woodpeckers show off spotted outer tail feathers. This variation is visible when they’re perched or in flight, so keep an eye out for those telltale spots!

Plumage Patterns

When it comes to plumage patterns, these two woodpeckers sport similar black and white outfits, but there’s a catch. Male Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers both flaunt a red spot on the back of their heads, but the real difference lies in the tail feathers.

Black and White Patterns

Both Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers have striking black and white patterns. But there are some key differences:

1. Feather variations: Downy Woodpeckers have black bars or spots on their white outer tail feathers, while Hairy Woodpeckers have plain, unmarked white outer tail feathers.
2. Pattern evolution: The black and white patterns serve as camouflage, helping the birds blend in with tree bark.
3. Camouflage role: The patterns also play a role in mimicry, making it harder for predators to spot them.
4. Markings significance: The unique markings can help you tell the two species apart.

Red Patch on Male Woodpeckers

You can also distinguish between the two species by looking at the red patch on male woodpeckers. Male Downy Woodpeckers sport a single, unsplit red patch on the back of their heads, while Male Hairy Woodpeckers have a red patch that’s often split in two. This difference is a helpful identifier, especially when the birds are facing you.

White Outer Tail Feathers

Both the hairy and downy woodpeckers have black and white plumage patterns, with white outer tail feathers.

The key difference lies in the markings on those outer tail feathers.

The downy woodpecker stands out with spotted or barred outer tail feathers, while the hairy woodpecker boasts plain, unmarked white outer tail feathers.

This distinction can be subtle, but it’s a helpful detail to look for when identifying these birds.

Size and Beak Shape

Size and beak shape are key identifiers when it comes to telling Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers apart. These physical attributes can help you quickly distinguish between the two species, even if you’re just starting out as a birdwatcher.

Downy Woodpecker Size

Now that you’ve got a handle on plumage patterns, let’s talk about the Downy woodpecker’s size. Here are some key facts to keep in mind:

• Downy woodpeckers typically weigh between 1-2 ounces.
• They’re about 6-7 inches long, with a wingspan of around 10-12 inches.
• Young Downy woodpeckers are similar in size to adults.
• Size can vary slightly depending on the region.
• Downy woodpeckers are often seen at bird feeders, especially when suet cakes and sunflower seeds are on offer.

Hairy Woodpecker Size

Hairy woodpeckers are a lot bigger than their Downy cousins. They measure about nine inches long, which is almost 50% taller than the Downy’s six-inch stature. Imagine a Robin-sized bird, and you’ll have a good sense of a Hairy Woodpecker’s overall size.

While the size difference is a clear giveaway, it can be tricky to gauge when you’re looking at a solo bird. Context is key here – try comparing the woodpecker to other objects or birds nearby to get a better sense of its size. With time and practice, you’ll easily spot the difference.

Beak Shape Difference

Now, let’s move on to beak shape. This is where things get a little more nuanced. Imagine you’re holding a silver teaspoon and a silver tablespoon. That’s kinda like the difference between the beaks of these two birds. The Downy has a dainty, small beak, like that teaspoon. It’s about one-third the length of its head. Now, picture that tablespoon. That’s the Hairy Woodpecker‘s beak—larger and sturdier, almost as long as its entire head. It’s like nature gave them a Swiss Army knife for a beak!

This difference in beak shape and size isn’t just for show. It’s an adaptation that suits their foraging techniques and the size of their prey. The Downy’s smaller beak lets it access insects in the stems of larger weeds, while the Hairy’s stronger, longer beak lets it chisel into dead trees and extract larger prey. It’s like their beaks are nature’s way of saying, "You get what you need.

Vocalizations

If you’re still scratching your head, it’s time to tune in to their vocalizations. Think of it like a bird concert, with each species having its own unique song.

Listening to their calls and drumming patterns can be a real game-changer for telling these two woodpeckers apart.

Downy Woodpecker Calls

Downy woodpeckers have a unique vocal repertoire. Their calls are typically short and friendly, with a distinctive "pik" note that’s high-pitched and descends in pitch. They also have a whinnying call, adding a musical touch to their repertoire. Imagine a tiny, cheerful cowboy riding off into the sunset.

Hairy Woodpecker Calls

Now, let’s move on to the Hairy Woodpecker’s calls. These birds have a sharper, more attention-grabbing "peek!" call, like a squeaky dog toy. They also have a distinct, sharp rattle that stays at one pitch. Here’s a table to help you distinguish their calls:

Call Type	Downy Woodpecker	Hairy Woodpecker
Basic Call	"Pik"	"Peek!"
Whinny	High-pitched, descending	Rattling

Drumming Patterns

Besides their distinct calls, Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers also differ in their drumming patterns. Drumming is a behavior where woodpeckers rapidly peck on objects, like trees or metal, to establish territory or attract mates.

Downy Woodpeckers drum at a slower pace, around 17 beats per second. In contrast, Hairy Woodpeckers drum faster, reaching about 25 beats per second. So, if you hear a rapid-fire drumroll, it’s likely a Hairy Woodpecker making some noise.

Habitat Preferences

When it comes to habitat, these two woodpeckers have distinct preferences. Knowing where to look can be a big help in telling them apart.

Let’s take a closer look at where each species likes to hang out and how their habitats differ.

Downy Woodpecker Habitat

Downy woodpeckers are versatile habitat-wise. They’re adaptable and can make their homes in a variety of places. Here are some common Downy Woodpecker habitats:

• Suburban areas: They’re frequent visitors to backyards and feeders.
• Open woodlands: They’re often found in smaller wooded areas, not just dense forests.
• Parks: Your local park might be home to these birds, especially if it has some trees.

Hairy Woodpecker Habitat

If you’re wondering where to find these birds, they prefer the peace and quiet of deep woods with towering trees. They’re less likely to hang out in your backyard if you live in a suburban neighbourhood.

Species	Habitat
Hairy Woodpecker	Deep woods, towering trees
Downy Woodpecker	Suburban areas, small parks

Overlapping Habitats

While these two woodpecker species have distinct habitat preferences, their territories may overlap in certain areas. This overlap can make identification a bit trickier, especially if you’re new to birding. But don’t worry, we’re here to help you navigate this feathered conundrum!

When it comes to overlapping habitats, keep an eye out for competition between the two species. Downy woodpeckers, being the more adaptable of the two, might outcompete their hairy cousins for food sources, nesting sites, or territory boundaries.

Identifying Fledglings

Young woodpeckers can be tricky to identify, but with a keen eye and some knowledge, you can tell the difference between Downy and Hairy woodpecker fledglings. So, let’s get started on this tricky task.

Young Downy Woodpeckers

Identifying young Downy Woodpeckers can be a tricky task, but here are some tips to help you out:

• Red Patch: Keep an eye out for a single, unsplit red patch on the back of their heads. This is a tell-tale sign of a male Downy Woodpecker.
• Distinguishing Features: Young Downy Woodpeckers have black spots or bars on their white outer tail feathers, which is a key difference from their Hairy cousins.
• Fledgling Diet: These curious youngsters are primarily insect eaters, but they also enjoy a variety of fruits and seeds.
• Nestling Care: Downy Woodpecker parents are dedicated caregivers, often seen feeding their fledglings. Observing their feeding behavior can help confirm their species.
• Growth Stages: Keep in mind that young Downy Woodpeckers grow rapidly, reaching about two-thirds the size of an adult within a few weeks of fledging.

Young Hairy Woodpeckers

Young Hairy Woodpeckers present a unique challenge for bird enthusiasts. These fledglings may sport a yellow patch instead of the typical red, and they can also have additional black markings on their sides or white back stripes. Keep an eye out for these distinctive features.

In terms of diet, young Hairy Woodpeckers, like their adult counterparts, enjoy a variety of insects, fruits, and seeds. They also share the adult’s preference for the sweet sap of trees and will even peck into sugar cane for a tasty treat.

Parent-Offspring Identification

Identifying fledglings can be a tricky task, but there are a few clues to help.

Both Downy and Hairy Woodpecker chicks sport red on their heads, but Hairy Woodpecker fledglings may have a yellow patch instead.

Keep an eye out for black markings on their sides or white back stripes.

The surefire way to ID these chicks is to observe parental feeding.

Feeding Habits

Now, let’s take a closer look at their eating habits. Both the Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers share a love for insects, but their preferences differ in terms of their side dishes.

Insect Diet

Both species rely on insects for their main source of nutrition. However, their different sizes lead to some interesting variations in their feeding habits.

The smaller Downy Woodpeckers can access insects in the stems of larger weeds, thanks to their compact size. On the other hand, Hairy Woodpeckers never feed on weeds. They’ve a sweet tooth, relishing the sap of trees and even pecking into sugar cane to get their fix.

Fruit and Seed Consumption

Although insects are their main course, Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers do enjoy the occasional fruit and seed snack. Here are three things to keep in mind about their fruit and seed consumption:

1. Seed Preferences: While we don’t know the specific types of seeds they prefer, we can assume that they go for smaller seeds due to their smaller beak size.
2. Seasonal Variation: These woodpeckers likely adjust their diets based on the season, eating more fruit and seeds when insects are less available.
3. Fruit Types: They probably have a sweet tooth, given their taste for sugar cane and tree sap.

Unique Feeding Behaviors

Both birds share a love for insects, but their eating habits differ. Downy woodpeckers can hunt insects in the stems of larger weeds thanks to their smaller size. Hairy woodpeckers, on the other hand, never feed on weeds. They’re more likely to tap into trees for a sweet sap snack or even peck into sugarcane for a sugary treat.

Attracting Woodpeckers

So, you’ve mastered the art of telling Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers apart. Now, let’s talk about attracting woodpeckers. Whether you’re a bird enthusiast or simply looking to add some feathered friends to your backyard, understanding the preferences of these two woodpecker species is key to luring them in.

Downy Woodpecker Attraction

If you want to attract Downy Woodpeckers to your yard, here are some tips:

• Feeder Tips: These birds are frequent visitors to feeders, especially those offering suet, sunflower seeds, and peanuts. Place your feeder near trees or shrubs to provide perching spots and a quick escape from predators.
• Suet Preferences: Downies love suet! Offer suet cakes with high-quality beef fat and a mix of nuts, seeds, and fruits. Avoid suet with artificial ingredients or low-quality fats.
• Nesting Boxes: Provide nesting boxes with a 1.5-inch entrance hole, placed 10-15 feet above the ground in a tree. Clean out old nesting material after each brood to encourage multiple broods per year.
• Water Sources: Like all birds, woodpeckers need water. Provide a birdbath or small fountain, ensuring the water is clean and refreshed regularly.
• Native Plants: Plant native trees and shrubs that produce nuts, berries, and seeds, providing natural food sources for woodpeckers and other wildlife.

Hairy Woodpecker Attraction

To attract Hairy Woodpeckers to your backyard habitat, focus on their favorite foods and nesting preferences. Here’s a quick guide:

Attraction	Details
Food	Insects, especially those found in trees, are a staple in the woodpecker diet.
	They also enjoy drinking tree sap and pecking into sugar cane for a sweet treat.
Nesting Boxes	These birds prefer nesting in towering trees, so provide nesting boxes placed high up.
Backyard Habitat	Create a forested environment with large trees to make them feel at home.

Tips for Woodpecker-Friendly Yards

If you’re keen on attracting woodpeckers to your yard, here are some tips to make it a woodpecker paradise:

• Bird feeders: Set up bird feeders with their favourite foods like suet, sunflower seeds, and peanuts.
• Insect control: Avoid using insecticides, as woodpeckers rely on insects for food.
• Tree types: Plant trees that produce nuts and berries, and provide nesting cavities.
• Water sources: Add a bird bath or small pond for drinking and bathing.
• Habitat diversity: Create diverse habitats with a mix of open spaces and wooded areas.

Behavioral Differences

When it comes to behavior, there are some distinct differences between Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers that can help you tell them apart. From feeding habits to social interactions, understanding their unique behaviors will make you a pro at identifying these birds in no time.

Downy Woodpecker Behavior

Downy woodpeckers are social birds that often live in pairs or small family groups.

They’re known for their curious and playful nature, frequently exploring and foraging for food in backyards and parks.

These birds are also adaptable, nesting in a variety of habitats, from forests to suburban areas.

Their nesting holes are usually drilled into dead trees or branches, and they may even use nest boxes.

Hairy Woodpecker Behavior

Hairy woodpeckers are known for their bold and assertive behavior. Here are some key behavioral differences to look out for:

1. Nesting: Hairy woodpeckers prefer to nest in cavities of large, dead trees.
2. Mating: These birds engage in elaborate mating rituals, including aerial displays and loud drumming.
3. Territoriality: They’re highly territorial and will aggressively defend their chosen nesting and feeding areas.
4. Communication: Hairy woodpeckers have a unique call, a sharp "peek!" that’s similar to a squeaky dog toy.

Social Interactions

Now, let’s take a closer look at their social lives and see how they interact with their peers and environment.

Species	Mating Rituals	Flock Behavior
Downy Woodpeckers	Unknown	Often seen in small groups, especially during winter
Hairy Woodpeckers	Unknown	Usually solitary or in pairs
Species	Territorial Disputes	Nesting Habits
—	—	—
Downy Woodpeckers	Unknown	Nest in cavities, often in dead trees
Hairy Woodpeckers	Unknown	Nest in tree cavities, sometimes in birdhouses

Woodpecker Identification Tips

Telling a Downy Woodpecker apart from a Hairy Woodpecker can be a tricky task, but with a few simple tips and a keen eye (or ear!), you’ll be a pro at identifying these feathered friends.

Whether you’re a birdwatcher or just curious about the nature in your backyard, these identification tips will help you confidently distinguish between these two similar species.

Combining Identification Methods

Telling woodpeckers apart is all about piecing together clues. Here are some tips to help you become a pro at spotting the difference between these two species:

1. Birdwatching Basics: Keep your eyes peeled for key identifiers like bill size, overall size, and tail feather patterns. The bill is a standout feature, with one being noticeably smaller than the other.
2. Field Guide Fun: Brush up on your birdwatching skills by consulting field guides. These guides are packed with info on plumage patterns, vocalizations, and habitat preferences—all essential for proper ID-ing.
3. Photo Finish: Analyzing photos can help you spot the differences. Look for distinct markings, like a certain color patch on the head of one species, and unique tail feather patterns.

Observing Woodpecker Behavior

Behavior	Downy Woodpecker	Hairy Woodpecker
Nesting	Excavates nest cavities in trees	Excavates nest cavities in trees
Mating	Performs drumming displays to attract mates	Performs drumming displays to attract mates
Drumming	Drums at about 17 beats per second	Drums at about 25 beats per second
Flight	Flies in a straight line, often between trees	Flies in a straight line, often between trees

When observing woodpecker behavior, look for differences in drumming patterns and flight styles. Downy Woodpeckers drum at a slower rate than Hairy Woodpeckers, and their flights tend to be more direct.

Consulting Field Guides and Experts

Want to tell a woodpecker from a robin? Field guides and local experts are your go-to resources. Here’s how to make the most of them:

1. Field Guide Reliability: Field guides offer detailed descriptions and visuals of bird species. They’re like a trusty reference book, helping you confirm traits like bill size and habitat. Keep one close by for quick fact-checking.
2. Expert Identification: Local birdwatching groups and nature centers connect you with experts who’ve got bird behavior down to a fine art. They can offer insider tips on rare sightings and hotspots. It’s like having your own personal bird detective squad!
3. Online Resources: The internet is your digital birdwatching buddy, with online field guides, forums, and social media groups at your fingertips. These resources provide additional insights and a virtual community to help sharpen your identification skills.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)